height percentile chart women
2009
Impact of food advertising on television in Pakistan on the eating habits of children
IMPACTS OF ADVERTISING FOOD PRODUCTS Pakistan Television on food habits CHILDREN
Malik Tariq Mahmood
INTRODUCTION
TV belongs to the family of audiovisual media. It is able to transmit images and sounds bring the message of various kinds and for a variety of purposes. It has a strong influence on the people, culture and other media. This is a telecommunication system used for broadcasting and receiving moving images and sound at a distance around the world. The term can also be used to refer specifically to a television set, programming or transmission television. Commercial television has become one of the most effective, most convincing and most popular methods of selling products of many kinds.
In Pakistani culture we must look deeper into the role of television and advertising, to assess why it occupies a position as valuable. Pakistan Television is a permanent fixture for Children € ™ s life. The television set is so familiar to children as the faces of family members. Television is always there to entertain and give company to the children, especially when no one else in the mood to play, chat or interact with them. They are increasingly exposed to different cultures, absorb new ideas and impressions about other cultures.
Many ads TV catchy jingles or phrases that generate sustained appeal, which may remain in the minds of television viewers long after the advertising campaign. Dissemination of advertising today in our culture influences in society and our fundamental patterns of life. Advertising can be seen as one of the factors that contribute to shaping peoplee € ™ s life, its core values, and attitudes. However, the real picture is different, according to  € œAdvertising Edger is the art of making whole lies out of half ™ € truth.â 1
Advertising has been observed in many ways: television, newspaper, billboards, walls, video, Internet and in many other ways. The protection of children from harm is directly attributable to the question of what affects observe from the television. The criticism of television viewing of children are linked to what they see and for how long. Television advertising in food is a concern of parents, parents try to control television viewing of their children. Parental control of television is expected to reduce the number of hours a child, leaving the impact on their health.1
Today € ™ s children are our future and unique in many aspects of the previous generation. But perhaps the most influential factor in Childhood € ™ s health is television advertising. There is a general concern parents that television advertising has a negative influence intentional or not Children € ™ s health.
Advertising The structure of the compound and communication of non-personal information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products of the sponsors identified through various media. Advertising naturally, companies reported large numbers of people about their products. There is nothing wrong with it, as it allows the innovative ideas and concepts to be shared with others. However, as the years have progressed, advertising methods and techniques have advanced, attractive, to give form and even the creation of consumerism € ™ s needs where not occurred before, or converting luxuries into necessities.2
Mass advertising is no longer just a means of introduction and distribution of products, but it does. It is an important mechanism in the ability of a relatively small number of big corporations who wield disproportionate power over the economy. These companies need newspapers, magazines, and broadcasting not only to sell their property, but to maintain its economic and political influence. The media are no longer neutral agents and traders, but essential in the gears of the machinery of corporate gigantism, and increasingly are not only necessary but are owned by the corporate giants.3
History of advertising
Advertising is as old as civilization same. The first beginnings of advertising, several examples, of course, are impossible to identify, but which dates back thousands of years. In the early days, signs were placed on the doors of establishments, and later, the town crier was an important advertising medium. The advertising was a well-established part of the environment office of the first civilizations. However, until the advent of the sell-off in the 19th century, advertising plays a minor role in achieving business.4
After the invention of the printing of flyers, posters and newspapers were used in increasing the amount of advertising of products. The development of transportation railway provided the advertising industry to send their products to consumers who live far from the manufacturing plants. National advertising course as people Business use both newspapers and television to expand their markets.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The advertising of foodstuffs Pakistani impact of television on Children € ™ s health â € "eating disorder and become obese and inactive. The researcher interested to investigate these impacts on the advertising of food products in the health of children.
OBJECTIVES
The study was done by keeping the following objectives in mind:
i) Investigate the Children € ™ s viewing habits of television in Pakistan
ii) To determine the impact of advertising on Children € ™ s health
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
While many beneficiaries of the study, but The main beneficiaries are € ™ parents, and staff of advertising agencies. All parents want to offer their children good food for healthy living. The The survey results show parents about the impact of advertising on the health of their children and help them offset these effects.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter is divided into five parts. The first part describes some general things on television advertising. The second part of the chapter is to explain the theory advertising, how advertisements affect children's health and their lives. The third part explains the role of advertising in society. The fourth part describes the health of children and BMI. The fifth part of the study explores the negative effects of advertisements on the health of children 8 to 12 years.
Television is an agent of socialization important because it is present in Childhood € ™ s lives. Many advertisements broadcast on television are the creations of brilliant minds who want to convince they buy the advertised products. The evidence is mounting that marketing to children is harmful. Almost every aspect of Children € ™ s life has been adversely affected by recent trends in advertising. Research announcements to increase in obesity and feeding disorders in children because they are vulnerable to the messages persuasive. According to Media scholar Factor â € œTelevision Gorge has become inescapable and constant training that we are and what we will become.â € 1
Children under the age of eight are unable to critically comprehend televised advertising messages and are prone to accept advertiser messages as true, accurate and impartial. This can lead to bad eating habits as evidenced by today € ™ s youth. This is a critical concern because common product marketing to children are cereals, candies, sweets, sodas and snacks. Advertising of such unhealthy foods to children contributes to poor nutritional habits that can last a lifetime and be a variable in the current epidemic of obesity among kids.2
Television Advertising
A consumer exposed to hundreds of commercial messages each day. They may appear as posters, newspapers, television ads, etc. It is in fact a very structured communication applied, using both verbal and nonverbal elements to fill up that space and time determined by the specific formats the sponsor. First, advertising is the communication â € "a special type of communication. Traditionally, advertising has been mainly a process unidirectional, but in today € ™ s interactive technology, consumers can give information to advertising messages in real time using the same channels of the sender. Most advertising is intended to be persuasive â € "to win converts to a product, service or idea. Some ads, as legal ads are meant only to inform, not to convince. But there are ads, since they meet all other requirements of definition.3
The issues surrounding advertising to children are related to certain commercial campaigns primarily targeting children. Cold drinks ads are commonly shown during sports events and seen by millions of children, creating brand familiarity and encourage children to buy. They have been exposed to television ads over 15 edible for a one-hour program as 4 hours watching TV per day which means that a product was € ™ s ad about 20 times in one session. This refers to the graph no. 15 on page 34.
Advertising is persuasive and influence of information on the conduct of the hearing. Advertising is also a marketing tool and can be used in combination with other marketing tools such as sales promotions, personal selling tactics, or publicity. But the real picture is different, according to â € œAdvertising Edger is the art of making everything is half off € truth.â
The impact of television advertising is the greatest among children. Children, like television commercials oldest of the group, and are also more heavily influenced by the appearance of catchy poster in their lives.
Advertising aimed at children is based on three questions, firstly, it is believed that the advertising surface and promote the values based on material goods and consumption. Secondly, children are considered inexperienced consumers easy prey and persuasion sophisticated advertisers. Third, advertising influences children's demand for everything from toys to snacks food.4
THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING
Advertising plays a vital role in the economic system of a country. It helps in the sale of ideas, goods and services. Advertising reflects and affects our lifestyle, and therefore plays an important social role. Advertising has become so close to our life, therefore, multidimensional communication serves the needs of society. Business firms, unions, government agencies and political leaders are successfully using advertising to inform and persuade people about its purpose.
Kapoor gives four points of the role of advertising: First, the paas ™ € s gross domestic product is higher and the standard of living is higher than it would be. Advertising creates jobs with a greater variety of products, and improves product quality and increase the country's economy. Second, the argument is that advertising Kapoor plays an important role in informing the consumers, so more options Smart is made in the market. Third, the fundamentals of advertising is that Signature ™ € s production cost per unit of production is lower Because advertising increases demand for the firm ™ € s output and, advertising leads to more efficient use of resources in the economy. Finally, says that advertising leaves positive or negative impacts on the masses in general and in children. These effects vary according to culture and environment.5
The above mentioned four points are complete picture of advertising that advertisers want to reach. This same situation can be found in Pakistan. Therefore, anyone be able to explore all aspects of advertising at this level, because so many obstacles such as lack of resources, lack of time.
Children € ™ S HEALTH
All parents consciously and depth of their children's health throughout society. But parents are more united with their children in Pakistani society, because children are the future and will help in finance, when the parents retire. All parents like to bring good food to their children to their health and give proper education to be a good citizen. Both parents work, because they want to improve their standard of living; This figure is not known. 4. Sometimes Children of parents is € ™ s activities ie what and when to eat? When and how to watch television? Why become obese and inactivity? 6
In fact, the researcher examined the response of all these questions because these issues are mainly related to the study.
Health experts have linked excessive television watching to obesity – a major health problem today. While watching television, children are inactive to buy such products. They are also bombarded with media messages that encourage them to buy and eat unhealthy foods such as fries, burgers, cakes, etc. and empty calories from soft drinks that often become preferred snack foods. Indirectly, the publicity will affect too much the health of children. Even if children are watching 4 hours of quality educational programs on television in one day, that means no exercising, reading, socializing, or spending time away. However, some studies have shown that the decrease in the amount of television viewing by children carried less weight gain and lower body mass index increase, and make idle is not better for HEALTH.7
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to calculate the healthy weight of the average person. A BMI of 20 to 24 is suitable for most adults. A person with a BMI 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, and a person with a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and other life threatening diseases.
The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to determine the desirable body weight. The BMI is a measure of an adult ™ € s weight in relation to height, and metric is calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2).
Body mass index gives only a rough estimate of desirable weight, however, doctors recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in For a bodybuilder who can have a high BMI due to a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle can be within a range of desirable weight but have excess fat. However, body mass index is greater risk of developing serious illnesses.
BMI Chart for Boys
Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles of children, from two to twenty years, so you can track your child € ™ s growth curve and see if they are underweight, overweight or just right.
BMI value of girls
Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles for girls, from two to twenty years, so you can follow the growth curve and see if your child is underweight, overweight or just right.
What is fat?
Fats, or lipids, are nutrients in food that Children € ™ s body uses to build tissue nervous (eg brain) and hormones. The body also uses fat as fuel. If fats that children have eaten are not burned as energy or used as building blocks that are stored by the body into fat cells. This is the body's way of thinking ahead: By saving fat for future use, the body plans when food might be scarce.
Fat gives flavor and texture of food, but also high in calories, and excess amounts fatty food as with excess amounts of any food may cause many health risks. For children and teens, desserts and snacks, including potato chips, chocolate, cakes, donuts, cakes and cookies are a significant source of fat. Kids also get fat from dairy foods and meats high in fat, as meat fried and spicy. Of course, fast food and Takeaway foods tend to have more fat than home cooking and in restaurants, fried dishes are the highest in fat content. Fat also often "hides" in foods as cream sauces, cheese, butter or dressing.
However, however, fat is an important part of a healthy diet when children eat the right kinds of fats, especially certain kinds of fish in the recommended amounts. As that carbohydrates in recent years, fats have been wrongly accused of being â € € œbadâ. While some definitely better than others, certain types of fats are actually good for the teen and children an important part of a healthy diet.
Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, nearly 70 percent of cases of heart disease in the United States are related to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop hypertension. The risk of medical complications, including heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of distribution of upper body fat is more common in men than in women.8
CAUSES OF OBESITY
A calorie is the unit used to measure the energy value of food and energy used by the body to maintain normal functions. When the calories from food intake equal the calories of energy the body uses, weight remains constant. But when a person consumes more calories than the body needs, the body stores the extra calories as fat gain, making weight.
Obesity, disease characterized by the storage of body fat. The human body naturally stores fat under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is essential for good health, because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and provides insulation and protection internal organs. But the accumulation of excess body fat is associated with a variety of health problems. Studies show that individuals who are overweight or are obese are at greater risk of developing diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, arthritis and some forms of cancer.9
The causes of obesity are complex and include some of the factors. Basically, obesity occurs when a person eats more calories than your body burns. Children have an 80 percent chance of being overweight if their parents are obese. Obesity in childhood and adolescence may be related to:
eating habits i) Poor
ii) the habits of overeating
iii) The unnecessary use of cold drinks
iv) Eat no food nutrition
v) Eat the side of the house
The percentage of overweight children is increasing at an alarming rate. In general, children spent less time exercising and more time in front of TV and computer. And today's busy families have fewer free moments to prepare nutritious home, ready meals, every day. From fast food to electronics, quick and easy like the mentality of many people, young and old, in the new millennium.
IMPACT OF ADVERTISING
Modern lifestyle has frozen family size in Pakistani society. The nuclear family has taken place in the extended family. Trends in lifestyle urban Pakistan (increased income, working longer hours, more working mothers, and fathers time-poor/cash-rich) tend to support their families, who bring the child to watch television and increased consumption of unnecessary food. In addition, the advertising industry makes junk food seem irresistible.
Toddlers who watch too much TV have difficulty concentrating in school because they are accustomed to being given all the answers instead of being asked to think about questions. If children are less television, their imaginations grow.
Unfortunately, children are not given adequate guidance on what to do. The media is not playing its own role in promoting the Children € ™ s rights and the difficulties they face in society. Even the television authorities Pakistan has ignored this side and no programs can be designed according to the Children € ™ s requirements.
IMPACTS Children € ™ S HEALTH
James suggests that â € œChildhood obesity arises from foods that are high in fat and low in fiber. When kids eat this meal, insulin not only enhances the effects of the chemical dopamine in the pleasure (making the child want to eat more of the same food), but also reduces the effects of hormone leptons, making the child want to eat more and be less activée € 10
Television also has negative effects, creates eye problems. He stops to children out to play with friends. Their advertising makes buying things, but not necessary. It can make you tired and unable to concentrate on their lessons.
LEAVE bad habits
Gerbner said that experts from many media in western countries remain deeply concerned about the commercial context television programming. They argue that TV advertising impacts on society stop, particularly the health of children and television advertising is not in the air without reason.11
The impact of television on children has received much attention. Research suggests that children see advertising as another programming system and react without criticism of their messages, which makes them especially vulnerable to advertising. There is also concern about how children respond to advertising. Research indicates that many children are not unduly influenced by this standard of health, are dissatisfied with their bodies, and can develop eating disorders in pursuit of a slim figure. Advertising in daily life and eating habits of children, etc. and the adolescent are influenced, consciously or unconsciously by television commercials in Pakistan.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Each discipline science that uses a particular methodology in conducting research. This includes some of the assumptions and values that serve as justification (reasons background) for the research effort and the criteria for the entire process. The basic purpose of this investigation, the investigation of the negative impacts of eating habits / health disorder of children. To this end the systematic random sampling method was used. The sample size was limited 30 children aged between 8 â € "12 and their parents.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study was survey research on â € œImpacts food advertising on television in Pakistan in the eating habits of € Children in Ciudad Satellite (B-Block) from the city of Rawalpindi. The researchers used questionnaires to interview parents and children as a tool to collect data.
POPULATION
In this research study of children 8 years â € "12 and their parents in the city of Rawalpindi were the study population.
Sampling technique AND SAMPLE
Random and convenience sampling techniques were applied in this research for selecting the sample. The sampling frame was 30 children aged 8 â € "12 and their parents in Ciudad Satellite (B-Block) in the city of Rawalpindi.
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
There are three demographic variables in this study:
i) Gender
ii) Age
iii) Training
INSTRUMENTS RESEARCH
In order to achieve the objective, a survey study was conducted. Data were collected mainly from primary sources. Was designed a questionnaire for parents. Children € ™ s questionnaire was also used for the structured interview.
DATA COLLECTION
The Data were collected through questionnaire and interview. Questionnaire distributed to parents and administered by the researcher. Structured interview was out to all children of respondents in the sample.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
In this chapter we analyzed data impacts of ads on children's health. Data on â € œImpacts advertising of foodstuffs of PTV on the Health of Children was collected through a questionnaire that was designed specifically for this study. First, cross tabulation statistical procedure was applied to investigate the relationship between demographic variables ie (sex, age and qualification, and is presented in graphical data tables alongwith with the interpretation.
As Figure 1 is obvious, the majority of men surveyed (34% fell in the age group 30 to 45 and women interviewed in the same group 23%. The results showed that the majority of both groups were interviewed young.
As evident in Figure 2, the majority of men surveyed (20%) was the doctor while 20% were managing their business, 10% of women surveyed were Govt. employees and 10% were housewives.
Figure 3, showed 57% of males and 30% of the women interviewed were highly educated. Thus, respondents were more qualified male compared with women.
Figure 4 documents the monthly income of the parents surveyed. As is clear from the graph, that the defendant is owned by families earn, and compare the women surveyed.
As evident in Figure 5 that shows the family composition of respondents, most of respondents who have four family members.
As evident in figure 6 in all responses from parents PTV watched regularly.
As evident in Figure 7, the majority (13%) of men surveyed PTV, seen in the afternoon and evening as compared to women respondents liked to watch television Pakistan in the morning and evening.
Figure 8 showed that most parents watches Pakistan TV 2 to 3 hours daily.
Figure 9 shows that all respondents were children of television viewers in Pakistan.
The results of the graph 10 shows that children like to watch TV at night mostly, but some respondents like to see in the afternoon too.
As evident in figure 11, most of (30%) of children watches PTV for over four hours. According to data collected from children 8-12 years of age were heavy viewers of PTV. In reality that is the problem area, because watching TV for the longest time of five hours creates adverse effects on health, especially children of 8-12 years.
The results of Figure 12 shows that the majority in (33%) of the children surveyed children like to watch shows / quiz guided programs by their parents.
Figure 13 shows that parents allow their children to watch PTV in order to obtain updated information and entertainment.
Figure 14 is clear that the interviewees felt tired when they see PTV for more than 3 to 4 hours, but the women surveyed are bored which means women liked to see more of four hours.
As evident from Figure 15 that most respondents (40%) watched advertisements about 15-20 and 20% saw more than 25 ads in an hour. Its means that during a one-hour program a lot of food products were announced at PTV, which motivated the children to buy these products your own or ask their parents to buy it for them.
As evident in figure 16 that most parents and children interviewed will usually like to buy cold drinks, but some children said they also liked to buy chips such products also. These fats increase the products in the body, especially in children because of the age of 8-12 years is the age of grooming and they need proper nutrition and diet for your health.
As evident in figure 17 parents who responded, responded that the attitude of children has changed, if not buy or allow them to buy groceries such. They behave aggressively with their elders or their parents.
The results of Figure 18 show the impact of Pakistan Television € ™ s ads on children. Parents reported that their children tried to imitate, seeing the ads, but some parents said they felt somewhat aggressively during and after viewing the ads, because this poster was super human actions.
As a result of the graph 19 shows that parents always buy food products in their Children € ™ s demand because they were well earned (see graph no. 4). Are all of the demands of their children, demanding to eat. This eating habit of eating disorders in children developed 8-12 years of age.
As evident in figure 20 that the parents felt that PTVâ € ™ s announcements made in their Children € ™ s diet, because their children have enough money to buy belong to upper class families (see Graph 4).
As is evident from the graph 21 the parents responded that such ads increase in eating disorders and the declining health of their children.
RESULTS
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impacts of Food Product Advertisements of Pakistan Television on the eating habits of children. Variables major ones are likely to have a significant impact of ads on Pakistan Television in Children € ™ s health.
In Pakistan, Almost all children have been watching television regularly. Information about Children € ™ s spending time on television was to estimate exposure the variety of ads. Change in advertising € ™ s influence has been seen differently in one child to another, and from day to day for the same child. However, a certain influence of advertising on children was observed, which was introduced in Chapter 4 in figure 9.
According to the graph 11; all children have been watching television all day. 23% of children watched television for 3 hours and 30% were watching television up to 4 hours day. Thus, heavy viewers were found and regular. Most children spend much time sitting in front of the TV screen watching the different programs.
Thus, children were 8 to 10 years of age to be more attracted to television commercials and watched with great interest, but with the increase of age, Children € ™ s preferences shifted to television programs.
Most children in all age groups watched the ads with large television. That means that many audio-visual techniques in television advertising were simply destined to win, and the celebration of Children € ™ s attention, which impressed the purchase of various products. Therefore, television commercials really could make a tremendous impact on children. The researcher found the following:
1) Children 8-12 years of age and their parents were seen regularly Pakistan TV. Most male parents liked to watch late at night, but parents liked to watch women in the morning and evening and their children liked to watch the afternoon. ™ € The parents viewing time was 2-3 hours, but their Children € ™ s viewing period was 4-5 hours daily.
2) Children enjoyed watching children shows test programs, but his parents were allowed to watch PTV for information and entertainment.
3) The men interviewed felt tired when they saw over PTV 3 to 4 hours, but the women surveyed are bored which means women liked to see more than four hours.
4) Most parents and children generally he liked to buy cold drinks, but some children also liked to buy chips and product type. The researcher found that these fats increase the products in the body, especially in children, and at the age of 8-12 years is the age of grooming and they need proper nutrition and diet for your health.
5) ™ € Children s attitude has changed if not buy or allow them to buy groceries such. They behaved aggressively with their elders or parents.
6) The children tried to imitate, seeing the ads, but some parents said they felt somewhat aggressively during and after viewing the ads, because this poster was super stock human.
7) The parents always bought food in their readymade Children € ™ s demand because they were well-earned (see figure no. 4). Are all of the demands of their children, demanding to eat. This eating habit of eating disorder created in children of 8-12 years old.
PTV ads out their Children € ™ s diet, because their children have enough money to buy groceries, such belong to upper class families (see graph No. 4).
9) The television commercials in Pakistan increased eating disorders and declining health of children 8-12 old.
CONCLUSION
Most children are addicted to watching television viewing his average is over 60% which means they are watching television more than five hours a day, are heavy viewers. During / after seeing TVA € ™ s most ads children require the Coca-Cola beverages, ie, des, these drinks Pepsi develop unhealthy habits of children. Some children aged 10-12 are trying mimic the same action that was seen in the ads, which are dangerous to their lives.
The data from this research study shows that increased fat in the body of people, especially children if they regularly drink these products. Increased body fat is not a good sign because fat produces obesity and hear disease. Children are over weight according to their age and height, as these drinks are used regularly and eating cold fried meats out of the house with their parents or elders.
Children who have less weight according to their BMI itâ € ™ s because of their eating disorder. They think that the disorder if eat and drink more than others who have good muscles, but your stomach is not digesting food properly, to increased eating and after a couple of months of his weight is decreasing. That is only for your eating disorder. It is noted that the interpreter ads Powdered milk is healthier because s / drink milk after that it comes to buying power and drink milk, but did not know the real situation.
RECOMMENDATIONS
After concluding the results of the data the researcher to make the following recommendations:
i) The authorities should take measures to better protect children from exposure to advertising Because of the inherent unfairness of advertising to an audience that does not have the ability to assess the misinformation in television advertising.
ii) Parents should try to limit their Children € ™ s time on television.
iii) Teachers and parents can help children to decide what to see in television.
iv) Adults should watch out for the things their children do not understand on television.
v) Parents should also keep an eye on any negative effects of watching television in Pakistan in Childhood € ™ s health, food and disruption of their vision problems.
vi) Children should be encouraged both at school and at home to talk about television advertising.
vii) Parents, teachers should help children to search for programs relevant to their health and have some positive effects on the health impacts of Pakistan Television.
Works Cited
Edger A. Shoaff. http://thinkexist.com/quotation/advertising_is_the_art_making_whole_lies/204323.html
Evra, Judith Van: Television and Child Development. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1990).
Kunkel, D., Wilson, B., Donnerstein, E., & Blumenthal, E.: Measuring Television Violence: The importance of context. (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 1995).
Ibid.
Ibid
Namita Unnikrishnan and Shailaja Pajpai: The impact of television advertising in children. (Sage Publications India Private Limited, India 1996)
Namita Unnikrishnan and Shailaja Pajpai: The Impact of Television Advertising on Children. (Sage Publications India Private Limited, India 1996)
Neeru Kapoor & Consumer Response Television Advertising. (Publication Mittal, New Delhi, India, 2003)
http://weightloss.about.com/od/obesityhealth/a/blwhatsbmi.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity
James Shanahan and Michael Morgan: Television and its viewers: Cultivation Theory and Research. (Cambridge University Press, UK1999)
Syed Abdul Siraj Advertising. Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University) 6-8
Microsoft   ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005.  © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
William F. Arens. Contemporary advertising (10th edition). (McGraw-Hill Irwin, USA 2006)
About the Author
I have done my Master of Sciences and PGD in ELT with Thesis and Dissertation. Now I’m studying M.Phil.
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