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Historical Overview for Travelers to Armenia
One of the world's oldest civilizations, Armenia once included Mount Ararat, where tradition Bible identifies as the mountain that Noah's ark rested on after the flood. It was the first country to officially adopt Christianity as religion (c. 300).
In the 6th century BC, Armenians settled in the kingdom of Urartu (the Assyrian name for Ararat), which was in decline. Under Tigran the Great (ca. 95-55 BC) the Armenian empire reached its height and became one of the most powerful in Asia, stretching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Sea. For most of its long history, however, Armenia has been invaded by a succession of empires. Under the constant threat of domination by foreign forces, Armenians became cosmopolitan, as well as fierce protectors of their culture and tradition.
Over the centuries Armenia was conquered by the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Byzantines, Mongols, Arabs, Ottoman Turks and Russians. Since the 16th century through World War I, significant portions of Armenia were controlled by the invaders more brutal, the Ottoman Turks, under whom the Armenians discrimination experienced religious persecution, heavy taxation and armed attacks. In response to Armenian nationalist stirrings, the Turks massacred thousands of Armenians in 1894 and 1896. The most terrible slaughter took place in April 1915 during World War I II, when the Turks ordered the deportation of the Armenian population to the deserts of Syria and Mesopotamia. According to most historians, between 600,000 and 1.5 million Armenians were murdered or died of starvation. The slaughter of Armenia is considered the first genocide in the 20th century. Turkey denies that genocide took place, and maintains that a number much less died in civil war.
After Turkey's defeat in World War I, the independent Republic of Armenia was established on May 28 1918, but survived only until November 29, 1920 when it was annexed by the Soviet army. On 12 March 1922, the Soviets joined Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan to form the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became part of the USSR. In 1936, after reorganization, Armenia became an independent republic of the USSR. Since 1988, Armenia has been involved in a territorial dispute with Azerbaijan over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, which both claim. Miles Also in 1988, a devastating earthquake caused deaths and economic damage.
Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union collapsed on 23 September 1991. In 1992-1994, Armenia, Azerbaijan, successfully fought for control of Nagorno-Karabakh. Most Christians is an Armenian enclave that wants secede from Azerbaijan and either become part of Armenia or gain full independence. Huge casualties were involved.
One of the Armenian diaspora has existed in the history of the nation and Armenian emigration has been particularly intense since independence from the Soviet Union. It is estimated that 60% of the total 8 million Los Armenians worldwide live outside the country, with 1 million each in the U.S. and Russia. Other major communities of Armenia are in Georgia, France, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Argentina, and Canada.
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